ansible之ad-hoc

一、下载ansible软件

[root@m01 ~]# yum install -y ansible

二、创建目录

[root@m01 ~]# mkdir ansible_ad-hoc
[root@m01 ~]# cd ansible_ad-hoc/

三、拷贝ansible配置文件

[root@m01 ansible_ad-hoc]# cp /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg .

四、编写主机清单

[root@m01 ansible_ad-hoc]# cat hosts 
[web]
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.8
[root@m01 ansible_ad-hoc]# ls
ansible.cfg  hosts

五、ansible的command模块

1、查看磁盘信息

[root@m01 ansible_ad-hoc]# ansible web -a "df -h "
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        476M     0  476M   0% /dev
tmpfs           487M     0  487M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           487M  7.7M  479M   2% /run
tmpfs           487M     0  487M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3        18G  3.2G   15G  18% /
/dev/sda1      1014M  127M  888M  13% /boot
tmpfs            98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        476M     0  476M   0% /dev
tmpfs           487M     0  487M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           487M  7.7M  479M   2% /run
tmpfs           487M     0  487M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3        18G  3.6G   15G  20% /
/dev/sda1      1014M  127M  888M  13% /boot
tmpfs            98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0

2、切换目录

[root@m01 ansible_ad-hoc]# ansible web -m command -a "chdir=/var/log pwd"
172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/var/log

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/var/log

3、创建文件,如果1.txt存在就不创建，如果不存在就创建2.txt

[root@m01 ansible_ad-hoc]# ansible web -m command -a "creates=/root/1.txt touch /root/2.txt"
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=touch rather than running 'touch'.  If you need to use command because
file is insufficient you can add 'warn: false' to this command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get
rid of this message.

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

六、ansible的shell模块（可以识别特殊字符）

[root@m01 ansible_ad-hoc]# ansible web -m shell -a "cd /tmp ; who"
172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
root     pts/0        2020-07-01 22:48 (10.0.0.1)
root     pts/1        2020-07-01 23:13 (172.16.1.61)

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
root     pts/0        2020-07-01 22:48 (10.0.0.1)
root     pts/1        2020-07-01 23:13 (172.16.1.61)

七、ansible的script模块

[root@m01 ansible_ad-hoc]# ansible web -m script -a "/server/1.sh"
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "rc": 0, 
    "stderr": "Shared connection to 172.16.1.7 closed.\r\n", 
    "stderr_lines": [
        "Shared connection to 172.16.1.7 closed."
    ], 
    "stdout": "", 
    "stdout_lines": []
}
172.16.1.8 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "rc": 0, 
    "stderr": "Shared connection to 172.16.1.8 closed.\r\n", 
    "stderr_lines": [
        "Shared connection to 172.16.1.8 closed."
    ], 
    "stdout": "", 
    "stdout_lines": []
}

八、ansible的copy模块

src #源路径
content #内容
dest #目录路径
owner #属主
group #属组
mode #权限
backup #备份

[root@m01 ansible_ad-hoc]# ansible web -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg dest=/tmp/ owner=root group=root mode=600 backup=yes"
172.16.1.8 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "1f31c0e82b36e84604af41733e88821d541ee9ed", 
    "dest": "/tmp/ansible.cfg", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "9b86926c0c703847d5e32f31d92a93bd", 
    "mode": "0600", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 19985, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1593610319.71-186211502156362/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "1f31c0e82b36e84604af41733e88821d541ee9ed", 
    "dest": "/tmp/ansible.cfg", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "9b86926c0c703847d5e32f31d92a93bd", 
    "mode": "0600", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 19985, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1593610319.7-281148617678622/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

[root@m01 ansible_ad-hoc]# ansible web -m copy -a "content='ansible' dest=./test.txt"
172.16.1.8 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "bef45157a43c9e5f469d188810814a4a8ab9f2ed", 
    "dest": "./test.txt", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "640c8a5376aa12fa15cf02130ce239a6", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 7, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1593610440.57-2437460552443/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "bef45157a43c9e5f469d188810814a4a8ab9f2ed", 
    "dest": "./test.txt", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "640c8a5376aa12fa15cf02130ce239a6", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 7, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1593610440.57-196172343252805/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

九、ansible的file模块

file：
path  #路径
state #状态
owner #属主
group #属组
mode  #权限
recurse: yes #递归授权

group ：
name  #组名称
state #组状态
gid  #组gid

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m file -a "path=/rot state=directory owner=root group=root mode=0755"
10.0.0.8 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/rot", 
    "size": 6, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 0
}
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/rot", 
    "size": 6, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 0
}

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m group -a "name=ttt gid=888 state=present"
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 888, 
    "name": "ttt", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": false
}
10.0.0.8 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 888, 
    "name": "ttt", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": false
}

十、ansible的fentch模块

将管理主机数据进行拉取

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m fetch -a "src=/tmp/back.txt dest=/root/"
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "ea3279fd7a2b6b7bc7fc64e8e2d460090d1f2007", 
    "dest": "/root/10.0.0.7/tmp/back.txt", 
    "md5sum": "6e5b6fdddf760007a8ffd1591ac25ebb", 
    "remote_checksum": "ea3279fd7a2b6b7bc7fc64e8e2d460090d1f2007", 
    "remote_md5sum": null
}
10.0.0.8 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "c72f0281b1145de32031bb393a065c32896a0747", 
    "dest": "/root/10.0.0.8/tmp/back.txt", 
    "md5sum": "f982777b5355be2aaf5e595fef335811", 
    "remote_checksum": "c72f0281b1145de32031bb393a065c32896a0747", 
    "remote_md5sum": null
}
[root@m01 ~]# ls
10.0.0.7 10.0.0.8
[root@m01 ~]# ls 10.0.0.7/tmp/back.txt 
10.0.0.7/tmp/back.txt
[root@m01 ~]# ls 10.0.0.8/tmp/back.txt 
10.0.0.8/tmp/back.txt

十一、ansible的yum模块

[root@m01 ansible_ad-hoc]# ansible web -m yum -a "name=lrzsz state=latest"
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "changes": {
        "installed": [
            "lrzsz"
        ], 
        "updated": []
    }, 
    "msg": "", 
    "obsoletes": {
        "iwl7265-firmware": {
            "dist": "noarch", 
            "repo": "@anaconda", 
            "version": "22.0.7.0-69.el7"
        }
    }, 
    "rc": 0, 
    "results": [
        "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirrors.aliyun.com\n * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com\n * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package lrzsz.x86_64 0:0.12.20-36.el7 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package         Arch             Version                  Repository      Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n lrzsz           x86_64           0.12.20-36.el7           base            78 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall  1 Package\n\nTotal download size: 78 k\nInstalled size: 181 k\nDownloading packages:\nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n  Installing : lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64                                  1/1 \n  Verifying  : lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64                                  1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n  lrzsz.x86_64 0:0.12.20-36.el7                                                 \n\nComplete!\n"
    ]
}
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "changes": {
        "installed": [], 
        "updated": []
    }, 
    "msg": "", 
    "obsoletes": {
        "iwl7265-firmware": {
            "dist": "noarch", 
            "repo": "@anaconda", 
            "version": "22.0.7.0-69.el7"
        }
    }, 
    "rc": 0, 
    "results": [
        "All packages providing lrzsz are up to date", 
        ""
    ]
}

十二、ansible的service模块

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m service -a "name=nginx state=stopped "

ansible的cron模块

1.创建定时任务

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m cron -a "name='exec shell scripts03' minute=0 hour=2 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/xf.sh'"
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "exec shell scripts03"
    ]
}
10.0.0.8 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "exec shell scripts03"
    ]
}
[root@web1 ~]# crontab -l
01 00 * * * sh /scripts/client_push_data_server.sh &>/dev/null
* * * * * /usr/bin/sh  /server/scripts/rm.sh
#Ansible: exec shell scripts03
0 2 * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/xf.sh

2.删除定时任务

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m cron -a "name='exec shell scripts03' state=absent"
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": []
}
10.0.0.8 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": []
}

3.注释定时任务

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m cron -a "name='exec shell scripts03' minute=0 hour=2 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/xf.sh' disabled=yes"
10.0.0.8 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "exec shell scripts03"
    ]
}
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "exec shell scripts03"
    ]
}
[root@web1 ~]# crontab -l
01 00 * * * sh /scripts/client_push_data_server.sh &>/dev/null
* * * * * /usr/bin/sh  /server/scripts/rm.sh
#Ansible: exec shell scripts03
#0 2 * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/xf.sh

十三、ansible的user模块

user：
name #用户名称
uid #用户uid
group #用户组名称
create_home #创建用户家目录
shell # 用户的bash
system #系统用户
password #用户密码

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m user -a "name=service uid=7777 group=ttt groups=root shell=/bin/bash create_home=yes"
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "create_home": true, 
    "group": 888, 
    "groups": "root", 
    "home": "/home/service", 
    "name": "service", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": false, 
    "uid": 7777
}
10.0.0.8 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "create_home": true, 
    "group": 888, 
    "groups": "root", 
    "home": "/home/service", 
    "name": "service", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": false, 
    "uid": 7777
}
[root@web1 ~]# id service
uid=7777(service) gid=888(ttt) 组=888(ttt),0(root)

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m user -a "name=hello system=yes shell=/sbin/nologin create_home=no"
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "create_home": false, 
    "group": 662, 
    "home": "/home/hello", 
    "name": "hello", 
    "shell": "/sbin/nologin", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": true, 
    "uid": 662
}
10.0.0.8 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "create_home": false, 
    "group": 663, 
    "home": "/home/hello", 
    "name": "hello", 
    "shell": "/sbin/nologin", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": true, 
    "uid": 663
}
[root@web1 ~]# id hello
uid=662(hello) gid=662(hello) 组=662(hello)

十四、ansible的unarchive模块

[root@m01 ansible_ad-hoc]# ansible web -m unarchive -a "src=/test/test.tgz dest=/test/"
[root@web1 test]# ls
1.txt  2.txt

[root@m01 test]# ansible web -m unarchive -a "src=/test/test.zip dest=/test/"
10.0.0.8 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/test/", 
    "extract_results": {
        "cmd": [
            "/usr/bin/unzip", 
            "-o", 
            "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1593616034.72-108750537816018/source", 
            "-d", 
            "/test/"
        ], 
        "err": "", 
        "out": "Archive:  /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1593616034.72-108750537816018/source\n extracting: /test/1.txt             \n extracting: /test/2.txt             \n  inflating: /test/test.tar          \n", 
        "rc": 0
    }, 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "handler": "ZipArchive", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 48, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1593616034.72-108750537816018/source", 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 0
}
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/test/", 
    "extract_results": {
        "cmd": [
            "/usr/bin/unzip", 
            "-o", 
            "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1593616034.72-203787298254403/source", 
            "-d", 
            "/test/"
        ], 
        "err": "", 
        "out": "Archive:  /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1593616034.72-203787298254403/source\n extracting: /test/1.txt             \n extracting: /test/2.txt             \n  inflating: /test/test.tar          \n", 
        "rc": 0
    }, 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "handler": "ZipArchive", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 48, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1593616034.72-203787298254403/source", 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 0
}